Compulsory Food for Pregnant Women in the First Trimester

There are many nutrients that mothers need in pregnancy in the first trimester. Therefore, it is very important to meet the intake needed so that the mother and fetus can grow healthy and smoothly until they wait for the day of delivery to arrive. Find out the following list of nutrients that mothers need in the first trimester."

Of course, all mothers hope to have a good pregnancy so that the baby in the womb can grow healthy and perfect. So, in order for the pregnancy to go well, there are various ways to make it happen. Starting from exercising regularly, getting enough rest, routinely controlling your pregnancy and following all the doctor's advice.

Not only that, paying attention to the food intake of pregnant women is no less important to do. Then, about what foods are good for pregnant women to eat in the early trimester of pregnancy? Let's see the explanation here!

This Food Must Be Consumed

The following are foods for pregnant women in the first trimester that are good for consumption:

1. Rich in Folic Acid

Folic acid is one of the important nutrients in the formation of baby's brain cells. Prenatal supplements (the period before birth) with folic acid, are important for your little one's intelligence even in the womb.

Expert findings in the Journal of the American Medical Association say that mothers who consume folic acid four weeks before pregnancy and eight weeks after pregnancy can minimize the risk of autism in babies by as much as 40 percent.

In addition to the above, the benefits of folic acid can prevent miscarriage, prevent anemia, and reduce the risk of preeclampsia. Then, what foods are rich in folic acid and are good for consumption in the early trimester?

So, how can pregnant women get folic acid from green vegetables (spinach, broccoli, cabbage), fruits (avocado, papaya, oranges), nuts, beef liver, and eggs.

2. Protein is just as important

Protein is a food for the first trimester that cannot be missed. Make no mistake, you know, protein is not only a question of muscles, but also has many benefits for pregnant women.

Protein has an important role in helping the process of forming body tissues in mothers and babies during pregnancy. Not only that, protein can help mothers to increase their immune system, so pregnant women don't get sick easily.

So, what foods are rich in protein and are good for consumption in the first trimester? No need to be confused, there are many choices. Starting from lean meat, fish, eggs, and poultry.

3. Must Contain Iron

In addition to the two nutrients above, pregnant women's food also needs to have iron content in it. The reason is clear, iron-rich foods aim to prevent anemia. Don't underestimate anemia, because this condition doesn't only affect mothers.

Anemia can trigger various problems for the fetus, one of which is premature birth. How come? Anemia makes red blood cells or hemoglobin decrease. This condition can ultimately cause an increase in plasma volume and cause contractions in the uterus.

In addition, iron is also useful for carrying oxygen-rich blood to the baby in the womb. Watch out, iron deficiency can also have a negative impact on the child's IQ later. In short, apart from folic acid, iron also plays an important role in the growth and development of the fetal brain.

So, how can you get iron from beef and poultry, eggs, seafood (be careful of raw foods, and those that contain lots of mercury), tofu, whole grains, nuts, spinach, and eggs.

4. Food Rich in Fiber

Fiber is a nutrient or food for the first trimester that is no less important. Fiber can help mothers to control weight gain and prevent preeclampsia. According to experts at the American Diabetes Association, fiber can help reduce the risk of gestational diabetes.

The specialty of fiber is not only to stimulate fetal development. This nutrient can also help prevent pregnant women from experiencing constipation, aka bowel problems.

Want to know fiber-rich foods that can be consumed in the first trimester? There are lots of them, starting from fresh fruit, nuts, seeds, to cooked vegetables.

5. Milk or Dairy Products

Milk or its processed products are rich in various nutrients needed by mothers in the first trimester of pregnancy. Call it protein, vitamin D, iodine folic acid, to calcium. In the first trimester pregnant women are encouraged to consume dairy products that are rich in calcium. Calcium is good for mother and fetus bone growth.

So, what milk should be consumed in the first trimester and beyond? Apart from having to meet the nutritional needs of pregnant women, make sure to choose milk that has gone through the pasteurization process. Unpasteurized milk, for example raw cow's milk, can contain harmful bacteria. Apart from milk, mothers can also get the above nutrients from cheese or yogurt.

6. Lemon or Coconut Water

Lemon and coconut water can be an option for pregnant women who often experience nausea in the first trimester of pregnancy. Interestingly, coconut water helps meet the body's fluid needs and prevents dehydration.

7. Pay attention to carbohydrate intake

Don't forget, pregnant women also need carbohydrates during pregnancy. Complex carbohydrates are nutrients that can help mothers maintain digestive health during pregnancy. Consuming carbohydrates during pregnancy is also good for meeting the energy needs of the developing fetus.

There are many types of food for pregnant women that contain carbohydrates. Starting from fruit such as bananas, vegetables such as broccoli and spinach, as well as nuts and oatmeal.

Benefits of Bamboo Shoots That Turn Out to Have an Extraordinary Impact on Health

Bamboo shoots, in Latin it is called Dendrocalamus asper, is one of the food ingredients that we often encounter in Indonesian cuisine. Apart from making vegetables, bamboo shoots are also often used as a spring roll filling. The bamboo shoots are firm on the outside and soft, slightly sweet and crunchy on the inside. For centuries Asian people have processed it into various preparations. According to research, bamboo shoots contain antioxidants, vitamins, minerals, fiber, protein, and low fat content. Fresh bamboo shoots have significant amounts of vitamins A, B6, C and E as well as calcium, potassium, niacin, iron, folate, copper, zinc, selenium, manganese, magnesium, phosphorus and thiamine. Bamboo shoots also contain phytochemicals such as lignans and phenolic acids which have anti-cancer, anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. Bamboo shoots can be added to soups, dumplings, stir-fries, stews and salads. Bamboo shoots can be boiled and used in a variety of dishes, they can be served as a vegetable ingredient. We can also eat delicious pickles made from bamboo shoots. This plant turns out to be not only delicious but also rich in benefits as summarized from The Health Line and Digest; 1. Low sugar The amount of sugar found in bamboo shoots is around 2.5 grams per 100 grams. This amount is lower than the sugar content found in fruits and vegetables. Thus, bamboo shoots are good for diabetics. 2. Source of Protein One thousand grams of bamboo shoots has about 2 to 2.5 grams of protein. The protein found in bamboo shoots consists of seventeen essential amino acids and two semi-essential amino acids.

Growing and planting method of pepper

At the age of 3 years, the plants can be harvested and their growth reaches the end of the pole with a height of 3.5 cm.  Furthermore, the yield began to increase until the plant was 8 years old, then began to decline.  If the plants are cared for properly, the plants can still produce up to 15 years or more.  From the time the flowers come out until the fruit is ripe, it takes 7-9 months.  Pepper fruit that is still young is light green, then turns dark green and when it is ripe it becomes reddish yellow.  At this stage of flowering and fruiting, it is necessary to observe the possibility of attack by the flower-sucking ladybird (Diplogompus hewetii) and the fruit-sucking ladybird Dasynus piperis.  Both types of pests both cause direct losses in pepper production (wrinkled fruit, falling off, etc.).  Eradication of these two types of pests can be carried out by spraying insecticides that have been approved by the Pesticide Commission with a frequency of 2–5 times per year depending on the severity of the attack [6]

 Based on the purpose, there are two types of pepper harvesting, namely black pepper and white pepper.  Black pepper and white pepper actually grow from the same plant.  However, both of them have different processing methods that produce different colors, textures and tastes that have their own characteristics.  Black pepper is pepper that is dried with its skin (without peeling), while white pepper is pepper that is dried after going through the soaking and peeling process.  White pepper has a spicier taste than black pepper.  However, the taste of white pepper is not as rich as that of black pepper, which has a more complex taste.  Most black pepper is produced in Lampung Province, while white pepper was originally produced in Muntok, western part of Bangka.  Currently white pepper is concentrated in South Bangka, including in Toboali District, Koba District, and Air Gegas District

Merica is....

Pepper, also called pepper or sahang, which has the Latin name Piper nigrum is a plant that is rich in chemical contents, such as pepper oil, fat oil, also starch.[1] Pepper is slightly bitter, spicy, warm, and antipyretic.[1] This plant has been discovered and known since tens of centuries ago.[2] In general, people only know white pepper and black pepper which are often used as a spice in the kitchen.[2] This plant is one of the world's traded commodities and more than 80% of Indonesia's pepper output is exported to foreign countries.[3] In addition, pepper has the title The King of Spice (King of Spices), where the need for pepper in the world in 2000 reached 280,000 tons.[3] Pepper is one of the plants that reproduce by seeds, but many farmers prefer to do cuttings to develop it.[4] They cut the stems roughly 0.25–0.5 meters long.[4] The pepper plant at a glance is similar to Betel (Piper betle)

Use of Fire in Everyday Life

Fire can form when there are 3 important elements, namely heat, oxygen, and flammable materials.  In human daily life, fire is one of the most important things because it can support human daily activities.  For more details, here are 10 uses of fire in everyday life.

 Source of heat energy used for cooking

 In cooking, humans of course need heat energy so that the cooked food can be cooked and suitable for consumption.

 Energy source for endothermic processes

 Endothermic or endothermic is a reaction that absorbs heat from the environment into the system.  One example of an endothermic process is photosynthesis, where the process is very important for green plants consumed by humans to fulfill the body's nutrients.

 Source of energy for the separation/purification process

 The separation/purification process includes distillation and extraction.  This process is very important for human life.

 Energy source for heating

 In warming a cold room caused by season and weather, humans need heat energy produced by fire to warm them.

 Lighting source

 Fire is useful as a source of illumination for human life at night.  Torches, candles, and lanterns are some of the uses of fire that can help illuminate a dark time.

 Source of energy to break down materials

 Fire is useful in breaking down materials through chemical combustion, so it is very necessary in human life.

 As a work of art

 Fire can be made into a work of art by processing it in such a way.  One of the works of art from fire that is most often encountered in life is fireworks.

 As a protector from wild animals

 When in the forest, lighting a bonfire is one way to avoid attacks from wild animals.  This is because many wild beasts are afraid of the hot energy and bright flames produced by fire.

 Source of heat energy to process metals

 Processing metals to form various forms of material requires heat energy generated by fire.

Benefits of Waking Up Early for Health

For some people, getting up early is a routine that can be done automatically without trying. However, for others, getting up early can be a very difficult thing to do!

 Be happy if you are part of the “early rise team”. Because, there are quite a lot of benefits of getting up early that can be obtained. Not only physical health, but mental health is also positively affected.

 Want to know what are the benefits of getting up early? Check out some of the benefits of waking up early below based on various scientific studies!

 1. A Good Start Before Activities

 Waking up late and rushing through the day is certainly not a good thing. This situation can make you start the day feeling “tangle” and minimal preparation.

 By getting up early, you will have more time to prepare activity plans and things to bring. As a result, daily activities can be completed properly and smoothly.

 2. People who wake up early are considered happier

 Researchers from the University of Toronto, Canada, conducted a survey of 700 people aged 17-79 years. The survey collected data on sleep routines, emotional status, health and favorite times.

 From a survey conducted, people who wake up early have a feeling of happiness and a better level of health than people who often stay up late.

 One of the reasons behind this finding is that the biological clock of people who get up early is more in line with social expectations, for example working hours which generally always start in the morning.

 The study, published on the official website of the American Psychology Association, may be an additional motivation for you to try to wake up earlier.

Become an entrepreneur

Being an entrepreneur in this millennial era will certainly be a challenge in itself.  Quoted from medium.com, research from USA Today shows that millennials earn less than their parents when they were the same age.

 Why does this millennial era require a lot of hard work compared to previous generations?  As quoted from astralife.co.id, that generation Y or the millennial generation has a very different mindset and behavior.  Today's people are more inclined to develop their own business than working in an office.

 Similar to this example, reported by Koinworks.com, the millennial generation has the potential to become the richest entrepreneur in the future.  We can see that our needs are increasing day by day.  This triggers us not only to work but also to do business as one of fulfilling our needs for the future.

 Have you set your target as an entrepreneur?  Don't worry, you are at the beginning of a long road, of course.  Here are some ways to become an entrepreneur who generates a lot of profit in this millennial era.

BIDARA BENEFITS, EFFICIENT AND ANTIFULL OF MAGIC DISTURBANCE

There have been many articles written about this one plant in both print and electronic media, but it could be that not many people are interested in getting to know more about this extraordinary plant. Well, this article will make the reader very curious and interested in getting to know and take advantage of this plant. Bidara, or in Arabic known as sidr, is a plant originating from Arabia, a type of small evergreen, fruit-producing tree that grows in the tropics and West Asia and can grow in valleys to an altitude of 500 m above sea level.

There are several types of bidara that are widely known to the public, namely Upas Bidara, Sea Bidara, Chinese Bidara, Indian Putsa/Apel and Arab/Sidr Bidara. However, most people ask, which one has the properties as well as the leaves can be used to carry out the sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad shollallahu alaihi wassalam?

In order to find out which sidr leaf is meant, let's first read the taxonomy of each plant below:

Based on the data above, it is clear which species belong to the bidara leaf, namely the Sea Bidara (Ziziphus mauritiana), Chinese Bidara (Ziziphus zizyphus) and Arabian Bidara (Ziziphus spina-christi). The bidara used to ward off magic/jinn disturbances in the rukyah procession and other purposes as sunnah of the Prophet is the Arab Bidara (Ziziphus spina-christi, because He (Prophet Muhammad SAW) used this bidara in the Mecca and Medina areas.

The efficacy of Bidara leaves has been scientifically proven to contain many benefits. One of the benefits of bidara leaves is for treating acne, cleaning the skin from dirt, and protecting the skin from damage. Even soaking in midwife leaves can protect the skin from damage caused by UV rays from the sun. According to Anthony C. Dweck (Consultants on Natural Products to the Cosmetic, Toiletry and Pharmaceutical industry), the chemical composition of bidara leaf oil (Zizyphus spina-christi) obtained using the distillation method has the main component: geranyl acetone (14.0%) , methyl hexadecanoate (10.0%), methyl octadecanoate (9.9%), farnesyl acetone C (9.9%), hexadecanol (9.7%) and ethyl octadecanoate (8.0%). In full, the content of bidara plants can be seen in the table below:

Bidara fruit from superior cultivars can be eaten fresh, or squeezed into refreshing drinks or made into sweets. In Southeast Asia, the unripe fruit is eaten with salt and the fruit can even be boiled to produce a syrup.

In Indonesia, the young leaves are processed as vegetables; the leaves can also be used as food and made into capsules to help in the process of rukyah (an antidote to jinn/magic disturbances). In Java, the bark can be used to cure digestive disorders, while in Malaysia, the pulp of the bark can be used to cure stomach aches.

In particular, what distinguishes this type of bidara leaf from other bidaras is that it can be used as an antidote to magic, jinn or the like. In particular, Allah subhanallahu wa ta'ala also mentions this plant in several letters in the Qur'an, namely Surat Saba': 16, Surat Al - Waqi'ah: 28, Surat An-Najm: 13-16. This is proof that this plant is very special for the Creator of the universe because it has characteristics that are not owned by other plants on this earth and are beneficial for life in this world and the hereafter.

Some of the benefits of bidara / sidr leaves include:

1. Bathing the corpse

These bidara leaves are used to bathe the corpse and remove uncleanness from the corpse. It is sunnah to wash with water mixed with bidara leaves.

The hadith that narrates this matter, namely from Umm 'Athiyyah Rodhiyallohu 'Anha said, “The Prophet Shollallohu Alaihi Wa sallam once met us while we were washing his daughter (Zainab), then he said: 'Bathe her three, five, (or seven ) times, or more than that. If you feel it is necessary, then use water and Bidara leaves. (Ummu 'Athiyyah said, 'Oddly?' She said, 'Yes.') and make at the end of her bath a Kafur plant or a little of it.”(HR. al Bukhori 3/99-104, Muslim 3/47-48, Abu Dawud 2/60-61, an Nasa-i 1/266-267, at Tirmidhi 2/130-131, Ibn Majah 1/445, Ibnul Jarud 258-259, Ahmad 5/84-85, 4076-4078, Shaykh al Albani – Laws and Procedures for Caring for Dead bodies pp. 130-131).

Furthermore, the Hadith of Ibn Abbas radhiyallahu 'anhuma about people who fall from their camels and die, the Prophet shollallahu 'alaihi wa'alaalihi wa sallam said:

"Wash him with water and bidara leaves and shroud him in two clothes." (Narrated by Bukhary-Muslim).

2. Menstruating women bathe

The leaves of this bidara are also sunnah for use in the junub bath for menstruating women who want to purify.

The hadith of 'Aisyah that Asma` bintu Syakal asked the Prophet shollallahu 'alaihi wa'alaalihi wa sallam about menstruation bathing, then the Prophet shollallahu 'alaihi wa'alaalihi wa sallam replied:

“Hend

6 Benefits of Cinnamon Stew Water for Health

Cinnamon boiled water is a healthy drink that has many medicinal properties. The benefits of this drink range from weight loss to overcoming ovarian cysts.”

Having a distinctive aroma and taste, cinnamon is often used as a flavor enhancer in various dishes, such as cakes or drinks. In addition, this one spice is also often used as a treatment, thanks to its antioxidant and antibiotic properties.

One of the best ways to get all the benefits of cinnamon, is by boiling the spice and drinking its water regularly. According to health experts, cinnamon boiled water is a magical drink that has many health benefits.

Benefits of Cinnamon Stew Water

There are many health benefits of cinnamon in treating various underlying health problems. However, you don't need to have health problems first, then start consuming these health drinks.

The reason is, consuming cinnamon boiled water can also help maintain the immune system, lose weight, improve digestion, and much more.

Here are the various benefits of cinnamon cooking water:

1. Lose Weight

Cinnamon boiled water has long been touted as an effective drink for weight loss. That's because these spice drinks can help increase metabolism and increase fat burning.

In one study, cinnamon was found to increase thermogenesis (body heat production) by up to 20 percent, which helps burn more calories.

Apart from that, this spice that has a pleasant aroma can also reduce your appetite, thereby helping you control the consumption of unhealthy foods. Finally, cinnamon also aids in the digestion of fats and carbohydrates, thereby preventing these nutrients from being stored as fat in the body.

So, when combined with a healthy diet and regular exercise, consuming cinnamon boiled water can be an effective way to lose weight.

2. Good for Diabetics

Cinnamon cooking water is also good for consumption by people with diabetes. That's because these spices have been proven to help regulate blood sugar levels. Additionally, cinnamon has anti-inflammatory properties that can help protect against diabetes complications.

So, if you have diabetes, drinking cinnamon boiled water can be a way to regulate blood sugar levels apart from drugs. When it enters the body, cinnamon acts on muscle cells which help convert sugar into energy, which in turn stabilizes its levels in the body.

3. Helps Overcome Menstrual Cramps

For women who often experience cramps during menstruation, try drinking cinnamon boiled water regularly. Thanks to its antispasmodic (anti-convulsant or contraction) properties, this spice is efficacious for reducing pain that arises due to menstruation. Drinking one cup of warm cinnamon water every day can help reduce the effects of menstrual cramps.

4. Reduces Inflammation

People who suffer from joint pain or arthritis are also advised to drink cinnamon boiled water to relieve it. Thanks to its anti-inflammatory properties, this healthy drink can help relieve excessive pain due to inflammation. Cinnamon water also helps improve blood circulation, so it can inhibit the development of conditions like arthritis.

5. Strengthens the Immune System

This magical drink is also rich in antioxidant polyphenols and proanthocyanidins which can boost the immune system. Its antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal properties help reduce the chances of developing various health hazards such as respiratory disorders, heart problems, and others.

6. Overcoming Ovarian Cysts

Polycystic ovary syndrome or PCOS is a hormonal disorder that causes enlarged ovaries with small cysts on the outer edges. Well, several studies show that the efficacy of cinnamon cooking water can help reduce cysts in the ovaries. This healthy drink is also beneficial for women who have irregular or heavy menstrual cycles.

6 Benefits of Soursop Leaves for Body Health

Soursop fruit is rich in vitamin C and antioxidants that can improve health and immunity. Vitamin C can strengthen the immune defense against pathogens and also promote the destruction of free radicals, which can help protect skin and cells from environmental oxidative damage. Not only the fruit, soursop leaves also have health benefits. Soursop leaves contain antioxidants including phytosterols, tannins and flavonoids which are good for protecting the body's working mechanism. Come on, see more benefits of other soursop leaves!

Treating Insomnia to Stabilize Blood Pressure

Soursop leaves have antipyretic, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, cardioprotective and anti-parasitic properties, so it is clear that they have many health benefits. What are the benefits of soursop leaves?

1. Treating Insomnia

Traditionally, soursop leaves have been used to treat insomnia. Soursop leaves contain smooth muscle relaxants, so they can act as a sedative. Drinking a glass of soursop leaf tea can also help relieve stress.

2. Helps Manage Diabetes

Soursop leaves have long been believed to help manage diabetes because they lower blood sugar levels. The mechanism behind the system works is to inhibit the enzymes that help break down complex carbohydrates into glucose or block their absorption.

3. Helping Cancer Treatment

According to a scientific journal entitled Anticancer Properties of Graviola (Annona muricata): A Comprehensive Mechanistic Review published by the National Institutes of Health, it is stated that the antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects of soursop plant extracts can help treat cancer of the breast, colon, prostate, lung, blood, liver, cervix, ovaries, mouth, and skin. Bio-active ingredients called annonaceous acetogenins (AGEs) have several anticancer properties. AGEs can kill cancer cells by inhibiting the growth of cancer cell proteins.

4. Treatment of Rheumatism

Soursop leaves can treat rheumatic diseases which are generally experienced by the elderly. How to use it is easy. Mash the soursop leaves until they become smooth and apply them to the affected parts of the body due to arthritis and eczema. Do this regularly at least twice a day.

5. Treating Ulcers

Soursop leaves are an excellent remedy for ulcers, because the substances in soursop leaves are able to reduce inflammation and also act as painkillers. In addition, soursop leaves can help boost the immune system. Thus, the ulcer healing process which is usually slow can be shortened due to an active immune system.

6. Stabilizes Blood Pressure

Soursop is rich in potassium and iron. Both of these ingredients can reduce high blood pressure levels. Potassium promotes better blood circulation while iron helps regulate heart rate. That is why drinking soursop leaf boiled water is recommended for people with high blood pressure.

That's the benefits of soursop leaves for the health of the body. Even though it has many benefits, it should be noted that consuming the fruit and leaves in excess can cause symptoms similar to Parkinson's disease.

Soursop leaves when consumed can interact with high blood pressure medications or drugs for diabetes. Compounds in soursop leaves can amplify the effects of these drugs, causing dangerous drops in blood pressure or blood sugar levels.

Benefits Obtained from Red Dragon Fruit

Dragon fruit or also known as pitaya, is a fruit that has a unique shape. Where the skin texture is said to resemble dragon scales. Well, dragon fruit itself has several variations, some have white flesh, some have red flesh. Both of them are healthy foods because they have a high nutritional content.

Red dragon fruit is considered to have a higher antioxidant content. This can be seen from the red color of dragon fruit, which naturally comes from an antioxidant compound called anthocyanin. As a result, consuming red dragon fruit can certainly provide many health benefits. What do you think? Let's find out the info here!

First Know the Nutrition Content

Before discussing what the benefits are, it's good to know the nutritional content of red dragon fruit. Reporting from Indonesian Food Composition Data, the nutritional content of 100 grams of raw red dragon fruit is:

     Water: 85.7 grams.

     Energy: 71 cal.

     Protein: 1.7 grams.

     Fat: 3.1 grams.

     Carbohydrates: 9.1 grams.

     Fiber: 3.2 grams.

     Ash: 0.4 gram.

     Calcium: 13 milligrams.

     Phosphorus: 14 milligrams.

     Iron: 0.4 milligrams.

     Sodium: 10 milligrams.

     Potassium: 128 milligrams.

     Zinc (Zinc): 0.4 milligrams.

     Vitamin B1: 0.5 milligrams.

     Vitamin B2: 0.3 milligrams.

     Niacin: 0.5 milligrams.

     Vitamin C: 1 milligram.

In addition to the nutritional content, the fruit is also reported to contain several other important compounds. For example, such as anthocyanin and carotenoid antioxidant compounds, as well as lycopene compounds.

These are the Benefits of Red Dragon Fruit

Here are some of the health benefits that are believed to be obtained when consuming this one fruit, namely:

     Strengthens the Immune System

The content of vitamin C and carotenoids in dragon fruit can neutralize free radicals and protect white blood cells from harm. So it can be concluded that these two ingredients can certainly prevent various kinds of infections, so they can improve and maintain the immune system.

     Maintain Intestinal Health

Reporting from Healthline, red dragon fruit contains prebiotics, so it has the potential to improve the balance of good bacteria in the intestine. Well, prebiotics themselves are a special type of fiber that can encourage the growth of healthy bacteria in the gut. In particular, dragon fruit can also encourage the growth of two healthy bacteria in the body, namely lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria.

     Healthy Skin

Red dragon fruit contains nutrients that are good for skin health. One of them is the content of vitamin C which is proven to have many benefits for the skin. Examples include brightening skin tone, reducing hyperpigmentation, repairing skin, while increasing skin elasticity.

Interestingly, the high antioxidant content in red dragon fruit also has anti-aging properties. This is because these antioxidants inhibit enzymes that break down skin components such as collagen and hyaluronic acid. Compounds in dragon fruit are also said to be able to control sebum production, so it can overcome acne.

     Helps Overcome Anemia

One of the most common types of anemia is iron deficiency anemia, which is caused by too low levels of iron in the body. Well, red dragon fruit is a good source of iron because one portion contains 8 percent of the recommended daily intake.

Interestingly, dragon fruit is also enriched with vitamin C, which can help the process of absorption of iron in the body. Therefore, consuming this fruit regularly is believed to be able to prevent and treat anemia, especially in pregnant women.

Well, that's an explanation of what are the benefits of consuming red dragon fruit. Starting from boosting the immune system, to being believed to be able to overcome the occurrence of anemia. Based on its content, dragon fruit can be a source of important nutritional intake for the body that needs to be fulfilled.

Reasons Why Diabetic Patients Are at Risk of Cataracts

People with diabetes mellitus are at risk of experiencing various complications if the disease is not controlled. One of the complications is eye problems that can cause cataracts.

Ophthalmologist Dr. Andrew M Knoch explained, the lens of the eye consists of cells or fibers which are also living tissue. Living tissue requires nutrients or food as well as oxygen which is mostly obtained from the blood.

"Blood will later have the main source of energy, so that the tissue can survive, namely from sugar or glucose," explained doctor Andrew in a live Health Radio broadcast, Monday (21/6/2021).

In people who have diabetes, the regulation of glucose released in the blood vessels is disrupted.

So that there is some buildup from the results of metabolism or the breakdown of glucose and causes the cells or fibers of the lens which were initially clear to become cloudy.

"Because there is a build-up of the results of metabolism that are not good, it becomes disrupted. So the function to keep it clear is lost. So the fibers in the lens that were clear gradually experience turbidity. Later it can cause symptoms," he said.

Having diabetes mellitus is only one of five causes of cataracts. The other four are due to age, impact on the eye, use of certain drugs, and eye disease.

Apart from the age factor, Dr Andrew said that four causes of cataracts can actually be prevented. Including diabetes mellitus.

"We can prevent certain causes. One of them is said to be diabetes prevention by regulating sugar levels in normal conditions," he concluded.

7 Benefits of Moringa Leaves for the Health of the Human Body, Abundant Nutrition

The benefits of Moringa leaves for health are already well known as herbal medicine. Moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera) have long been used as a traditional medicine which is good for preventing cancer and maintaining blood pressure.

This is influenced by its content which is good for health such as antioxidants and various other nutrients. The antioxidants contained in Moringa leaves include vitamin C, beta carotene, quercetin, and chlorogenic acid.

The benefits of Moringa leaves for health are indeed influenced by the nutrients contained in them. In addition to antioxidants, Moringa leaves also contain vitamins and minerals, including vitamin B6, vitamin B2, vitamin C, vitamin A, iron, and magnesium.

Not only that, one bowl of Moringa leaves (about 21 grams) contains 2 grams of vegetable protein. You can get the benefits by making Moringa leaves into herbs, herbal teas, and supplements. There are also those who make it a cooking ingredient.

The following Liputan6.com summarizes from various sources, Thursday (8/7/2021) about the benefits of Moringa leaves for health.

Benefits of Moringa Leaves for Health

Lowering Blood Sugar Levels

Some research shows that moringa can help lower blood sugar levels. One study in 30 women showed that taking 1.5 teaspoons (7 grams) of moringa leaf powder daily for three months reduced fasting blood sugar levels by 13.5%, on average.

Another small study in six people with diabetes found that adding 50 grams of moringa leaves to a meal reduced the rise in blood sugar by 21%. Scientists believe this effect is due to plant compounds such as isothiocyanates. You should try the benefits of Moringa leaves for health at home.

Lose weight

The benefits of Moringa leaves for the next health is losing weight. Moringa can reduce fat formation and increase fat breakdown. Research has looked at the effects of supplements containing moringa in combination with other ingredients.

In one 8-week study in 41 obese people on the same diet and exercise regimen, those who took a 900 mg supplement containing moringa, turmeric and curry lost 4.8 kg. In a similar but larger study, researchers randomized 130 overweight people to receive the same supplements as the study above. Those given the supplements lost 5.4 kg over 16 weeks.

Reduces Inflammation

Inflammation is the body's natural response to infection or injury. This is an important protective mechanism but can become a major health problem if it persists for a long time. The health benefits of Moringa leaves can also reduce this inflammation.

Scientists believe that isothiocyanates are the main anti-inflammatory compounds in moringa leaves, pods and seeds. Moringa reduces inflammation by suppressing inflammatory enzymes and proteins in the body, and moringa leaf concentrate can significantly reduce inflammation in cells.

Counteract Free Radicals

Antioxidants are compounds that act against free radicals in the body. High levels of free radicals can cause oxidative stress, which is associated with chronic diseases such as heart disease and type 2 diabetes. Several antioxidant plant compounds have been found in Moringa oleifera or Moringa leaves.

In addition to vitamin C and beta-carotene, Moringa leaves contain Quercetin which is a powerful antioxidant that can help lower blood pressure. There is also chlorogenic acid which can help lower blood sugar levels after eating.

One study in women found that taking 1.5 teaspoons (7 grams) of moringa leaf powder daily for three months significantly increased blood antioxidant levels. Moringa leaf extract can also be used as a food preservative. This increases the shelf life of the meat by reducing oxidation.

Lowering Blood Cholesterol Levels

Having high cholesterol has been linked to an increased risk of heart disease. The health benefits of Moringa leaves in powder form are good for a healthy heart, especially in controlling blood lipids, preventing plaque formation in the arteries, and reducing cholesterol levels.

Fortunately, many plant foods can effectively reduce cholesterol. Both animal-based and human studies have shown that Moringa oleifera may have cholesterol-lowering effects.

Supports Brain Health

The benefits of Moringa leaves for brain health and cognitive function are influenced by their antioxidant and neuro-enhancer activities. It has also been tested as a treatment for Alzheimer's disease with early favorable results.

The high content of vitamins E and C fights against oxidation which leads to the degeneration of neurons, improving brain function. It can also normalize the neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline in the brain, which play key roles in memory, mood, organ function, response to stimuli such as stress and pleasure.

8 Interesting Health Benefits of Watermelon Fruit To Know, What Are They?

Watermelon is a fruit that is popular for having a sweet and refreshing taste when consumed. Not only that, watermelon also has a lot of interesting health benefits to know.

No wonder watermelon is one of the fruits that is consumed by many people because of its delicacy and benefits.

Watermelon is also believed to prevent various diseases. In addition, this sweet and fresh fruit contains many nutrients such as vitamin A, vitamin C, antioxidants, magnesium, potassium and many more. Here are some of the benefits of watermelon which are summarized from Healthline, including:

1. Lowers Cancer Risk

Watermelon also has the benefit of preventing the growth of cancer cells. Several compounds in mangoes, including lycopene and cucurbitacin E, have possible anticancer effects.

2. Improve Heart Health

Several nutrients in watermelon are believed to have benefits that can support heart health.

Studies show that lycopene can help lower cholesterol and blood pressure. This is the reason watermelon can improve heart health.

  3. Relieves Inflammation

The next health benefit of watermelon is that it can relieve inflammation. The combination of antioxidants, lycopene and vitamin C in watermelon can help reduce inflammation and oxidative damage.

4. Good for Eye Health

The next benefit of watermelon is believed to be good for eye health. Watermelon lycopene compounds may have benefits for your eyes so you can avoid eye diseases, one of which is macular degeneration.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common eye problem that can cause blindness in older adults.

5. Relieves muscle pain

Watermelon also has the benefit of helping relieve muscle pain. This is because the amino acids found in watermelon can improve sports performance and reduce muscle soreness.

6. Maintain Skin Health

The taste of watermelon is very beneficial for the health of the body. Even watermelon has benefits that are able to maintain healthy skin.

The content of vitamins A and C in watermelon is important for the skin. In addition, watermelon is also able to make the skin more supple so as to avoid aging.

7. Improves Digestion

Improving the digestive system is the last benefit of watermelon. Watermelon contains a lot of water and a small amount of fiber, both of which are necessary for healthy digestion.

Fiber helps keep your intestines regular, while water moves waste through your digestive tract more efficiently.

8. Prevents Dehydration

The last benefit of watermelon is that it can prevent dehydration or lack of fluids. This is because watermelon contains a lot of water, even 92% of watermelon consists of liquid.

Peanut leaves

Peanut Leaves

Who doesn't know peanuts?

Plants that are included as cultivated plants are harvested for their seeds which are rich in protein and fat.

The seeds of this plant can be eaten raw, boiled (in the pod), fried, made into chili sauce, cakes and so on.

In the United States, peanuts are processed into jam and is a lucrative industry. Apart from the seeds or pods, the stems and leaves are also harvested which are usually used as fodder for livestock.

The leaves on this plant have a light green to dark green color.

It has even-finned compound leaves. It consists of leaflets with long stalks and their function is to get as much sunlight as possible.

There are four round, oval, slightly pointed and hairy leaves. The leaves of this plant contain calcium and protein so they are good for animal feed.

As fodder, the leaves of this plant should not be given fresh (freshly trimmed) in excessive amounts. Because it can cause abdominal pain (bloat) in cattle.

In cold countries, the leaves of this plant are widely used as animal feed.

The leaves of this plant are preserved by drying, namely groundnut stover pounded in small piles.

So that hot steam will arise and then spread out so that it becomes dry and does not rot. The food is called hay which is very popular with livestock in general.

Peanut Morphology

Peanuts are much loved by many people because they have a distinctive aroma and taste.

At first it was planted by Indian tribes and now this plant has spread all over the world.

The country that supplies the largest peanuts in the world is Brazil.

In Indonesia, this type of bean is widely used to make chili sauce, gado-gado seasoning, cakes and so on.

Actually there are various types of peanuts, but what we encounter on the market is the type that has the Latin name Arachis hypogaea L.

This plant has 3 main parts including leaves, roots, and stems.

As for the reproductive organs of soil, namely flowers, fruit and peanut seeds.

In general, the cultivation of this plant is divided into two types according to the shape or location of the lateral branches, namely the creeping type and the straight type.

There is a mutualistic symbiotic relationship between peanuts and the bacteria N. Rhizobium Sp. causes the roots of this plant to have nodules or nodules.

     Stems, leaves and flowers

Peanut plants have short stems and knuckles.

At first the stems grow single but over time the stems grow branching like clumps. The height of this plant reaches 30-50 cm depending on the variety.

The leaf shape is compound with even fins, consisting of four round, oval, or slightly sharp and hairy leaves.

While the flowers of this plant are shaped like butterflies. It has a yellowish color, long stalks and grows from the leaf axils.

Usually, after 4-6 weeks of age, the pea plants will flower and the flowers will self-pollinate at night. Peanut flowers will bloom for 24 hours then wither and fall.

Peanut Flowers

Peanuts have flowers that are yellow and bloom at night. The flower pollination process is carried out at night before the flowers bloom.

Peanut Kacangg

Description of Peanuts

Peanut or Arachis hypogaea L is a leguminous plant that belongs to the Fabaceae tribe.

This plant originates from the American continent, especially from the Brazillia or South America regions.

At first this plant was brought and spread to the European continent which then spread widely to the Asian continent to Indonesia.

It can thrive in areas with an altitude of 500 meters above sea level. Rainfall ranges from 800 mm to 1300 mm per year.

The temperature required for cultivating this plant ranges from 28C to 32C.

If the temperature is below 10C it can inhibit the growth of peanuts, because the flowers do not grow properly.

This plant requires a humidity of about 65% to 75% with a soil pH ranging from 6.0 to 6.5.

In Indonesia, it is included in the second most important legume after soybeans.

This plant grows in shrubs as high as 30 to 50 cm with small, compound leaves.

These peanuts are also known as una beans, suuk (Sundanese), jebrol beans, bandung beans, tuban nuts, kole beans, and proud nuts.

Or in English peanuts are called peanuts or groundnuts.

This plant is rich in fat and contains high protein, iron, vitamin E, calcium, vitamin B complex, phosphorus, vitamin A, vitamin K, lecithin, choline and calcium.

The protein content in these beans is much higher than meat, eggs and soy beans.

These nuts also have a sweet taste and are usually widely used to make various kinds of cakes such as peanut cakes.

Peanut cultivation in Indonesia is divided into two types, namely the upright type and the creeping type.

In the upright type it will grow straight or slightly tilted upwards with fruit found in the segments near the clumps. In general, short maturities and fruit maturity in unison.

Whereas for the creeping type, the plant will grow sideways with a long main stem and the fruit is found on the segments adjacent to the ground and is long-lived.

The creeper type peanut is preferred because it has a higher yield potential.

EPISODE 13 Yaaaa.. Kupu Malam Streaming Now...

 Moms penggemar series Indonesia? Artinya, tidak boleh ketinggalan menonton seri Kupu Malam. Simak sinopsis dan profil pemainnya di sini, yuk!

Sesuai namanya, seri Kupu Malam mengisahkan tentang kehidupan perempuan kupu-kupu malam atau pekerja seks komersial.

Serial ini merupakan hasil kolaborasi antara MD Entertainment dengan WeTV, Moms.

Disutradarai oleh Anggy Umbara, seri Kupu Malam dibintangi oleh sederet bintang ternama Indonesia.

Seperti Michelle Ziudith, Kenny Austin, Rizky Nazar, Dinda Kanya Dewi, Lukman Sardi, dan Karina Suwandi.

Secara garis besar, serial ini mengisahkan kehidupan Laura (Michelle Ziudith), mahasiswi cantik yang memiliki dua kehidupan.

kkkk

NONTON DISINI YA

Selain menjadi seorang mahasiswi, Laura juga ternyata memiliki kehidupan kelam degan berprofesi menjadi PSK karena tekanan yang tak bisa dihindari.

Nah, episode pertama seri Kupu Malam akan dirilis pada Jumat, 25 November 2022 di layanan streaming WeTV dan Iflix.

Sebelum menyaksikannya, yuk, cari tahu sinopsis lengkapnya!

Serial ini mengisahkan tentang kehidupan Laura (Michelle Ziudith), mahasiswi sekaligus PSK.

Bukan tanpa alasan, Laura harus melakukan pekerjaan ini karena sebuah tekanan dan tuntutan yang tak bisa dihindari.

Laura bekerja di bawah naungan Mommy Rachel (Dinda Kanya Dewi). Karena parasnya yang cantik, Laura menjadi gadis paling dicari.

Meski menjadi perempuan yang dicari-cari, Laura memiliki prinsip untuk tidak mengulang klien yang sama demi menjaga kerahasiaan identitasnya.

Namun, masalah hadir ketika Laura memiliki seorang klien bernama Arif (Lukman Sardi) yang tertekan dengannya dan berani membayar mahal.

Teguh akan pendiriannya, membuat Laura selalu menolak permintaan dari Arif.

Namun akhirnya, dengan segala pertimbangan, Laura berusaha untuk keluar dari kehidupannya menjadi PSK.

Ia memutuskan untuk pindah ke Bali dan memulai hidup baru. Di Bali, Laura berubah menjadi sosok yang lebih baik dengan bekerja di sebuah hotel.

Kemudian, ia bertemu dengan Raffi (Kenny Austin), pengusaha muda dari Jakarta. Raffi terkesima dengan Laura yang cantik, mandiri dan pekerja keras.

Karena masa lalunya sebagai PSK, Laura berusaha menjauh dari Raffi, tetapi keseriusan Raffi berhasil membuat Laura mencintainya.

Sayangnya, suatu ketika Laura kembali dihantui oleh orang-orang dari masa lalunya, seperti Mommy Rachel dan Arif.

StudioFilm21 – Pusat Nonton Film Bioskop Gratis Dan Tempat Download Film Terbaru Terlengkap & Terupdate

StudioFilm21 adalah sebuah situs yang menyediakan layanan Nonton Film Bioskop Online, dari berbagai macam negara. Kami selalu menyertakan Subtitle Indonesia disetiap Film. Dan perlu diketahui bahwa film-film yang ada didalam website ini, didapatkan dari internet. Kami tidak pernah menyimpan File Film dari Postingan kami.

Situs kami StudioFilm21 menyediakan berbagai jenis film dengan berbagai macam genre. Dari berbagai manca negara. Setiap film yang kami sajikan dilengkapi dengan fitur download. Setelah itu tentunya dengan Subtitle Indonesia. Situs nonton streaming banyak sekali yang serupa. Namun dalam segi kelengkapan film sangat berbeda jauh dengan kami. StudioFilm21 Layanan Penyedia Film Bioskop Tanpa Bayar Dan Terupdate Yang Bisa Anda Nikmati kapan Saja .

Download Film Bioskop Terlengkap Dan Terupdate Hanya Di Studiofilm Kami menyediakan Banyak Sekali Film Yang Bisa Anda Download Dengan Mudah Dan Gratis Dapat anda Dapat Di StudioFIlm21.

Jika Kalian Suka Dengan Konten Yang Kami Sajikan Untuk Anda , Bisa Anda Share Juga Keteman , Saudara Atau Keluarga Kalian Ya Gaes ??

ML dengan Pacar, Usai Salat Siswi SMP Ini Berdoa Agar tak Hamil, tapi Doanya Didengar Sang Ibu

Her (16) siswi kelas II SMP di kota Palembang kini hamil tiga bulan mengaku lantaran dipaksa pacarnya untuk melakukan hubungan layaknya suami istri. Semula kehamilan Her tertutup rapat, namun akhirnya diketahui juga oleh sang ibu, yakni Sum (55). Mengetahui anaknya tengah hamil tiga bulan, Sum bersama keluarga akhirnya mendatangi rumah pelaku yakni ET (19). Pria tanggung ini tercatat sebagai warga Keman Baru No 30 Kecamatan Pampangan, dan bekerja menjaga tambak ikan di sebelah rumahnya. Saat didatangi di rumahnya itu, ET mencoba melarikan diri, namun karena keluarga Her ramai ET pun langsung diamankan dan dibawa ke Polresta Palembang. "Kejadian ini terkuak oleh ibu saya saat mendapati adik saya Her sedang solat maghrib tadi malam.," "Her didengar ibu saya berdoa meminta jangan Hamil. Jadi didengar ibu saya," ungkap Bambang, kakak korban. Setelah itu, keluarga Her langsung mendatangi ET dan menyerahkannya ke Polresta Palembang untuk mempertangungjawabkan perbuatannya. "Kami tidak terima oleh ulah ET. Oleh karena itu kami bawa dia ke kantor polisi, biar dia jera," "Kalau dari pengakuan adik saya, mereka memang pacaran, tapi kalau pacaran jangan sampai begitu," katanya. ET mengakui perbuatannya dan hendak bertanggungjawab. "Kami pacaran pak. Kami melakukan itu karena suka sama suka," "Saya tidak tahu kalau Her hamil. Atas kejadian ini saya sanggup bertanggungjawab," katanya. Kasat Reskrim Polresta Palembang, Kompol Maruly Pardede, terkait adanya penyerahan tersangka atas kasus Perlindungan Perempuan dan Anak, membenarkan ada penyerahan pelaku bernama ET.(*)

Makalah Hakekat Pendidikan SD Sekolah Dasar

BAB I

PENDAHULUAN

Latar Belakang

Masyarakat dunia modern sangat menyadari pentingnya pendidikan. Pernyataan ini disimpulkan dari observasi terhadap fenomena real yang ada pada masyarakat sosial khususnya masyarakat Indonesia. 

Untuk memahami lebih jauh tentang hakikat pendidikan maka kita dapat meninjau dari beberapa definisi pendidikan itu sendiri. Dalam bahasa Yunani pendidikan adalah paedagogik, yaitu ilmu menuntun anak. Orang Romawi melihat pendidikan sebagai edukasi, yaitu mengeluarkan dan menuntun, tindakan merealisasikan potensi anak.

Dalam kamus besar bahasa Indonesia, pendidikan berasal dari kata dasar didik dan kecerdasan pikiran. Sedangkan pendidikan sendiri memiliki pengertian, proses pengubahan sikap dan perilaku seseorang atau kelompok. Pengertian hakikat manusia adalah seperangkat gagasan tentang sesuatu olehnya Manusia adalah makhluk bertanya, ia mempunyai hasrat untuk mengetahui segala sesuatu. Dalam rentang ruang dan waktu manusia telah dan selalu berupaya mengetahui dirinya sendiri.

Setiap Negara mempunyai konsep pendidikan yang berbeda-beda sesuai alasan dan dasar pemikiran mereka terhadap sistem pendidikan mereka masing-masing. Seperti halnya Indonesia, tentu  saja memiliki konsep pendidikan tersendiri sebagaimana yaitu tercantum dalam undang-undang republik Indonesia nomor 20 tahun 2003 tentang sistem pendidikan nasional.

Karena pentingnya pendidikan, banyak orang bekerja keras untuk mendapat pendidikan secara efisien karena pendidikan diibaratkan sebagai sebuah emas yang diinginkan semua orang sehingga orang harus banyak menghadapi berbagai kendala tertentu untuk memperolehnya. Pendidikan juga masih terisolasi dengan berbagai macam faktor yang sangat berpengaruh terhadap mutu pendidikan itu sendiri baik itu yang bersifat positif atau membangun maupun bersifat sebaliknya sehingga sangat mempengaruhi perkembangan pendidikan.

Rumusan Masalah

Berdasarkan uraian latar belakang Makalah “Hakikat Pendidikan Sekolah Dasar” di atas, maka penulis mengambil rumsan masalah sebagai berikut :

Apa yang dimaksut dengan Pendidikan ?

Apa tujuan dari Pendidikan tersebut ?

Apa saja fungsi dari Pendidikan ?

Apa saja karakteristik dari Pendidikan ?

Apa saja prinsip-prinsip dari Pendidikan itu sendiri ?

Jelaskan konsep Pendidikan ?

Jelaskan Peranan Guru, Orang Tua, dan Masyarakat dalam Pendidikan SD ?

Tujuan Penulisan

Berdasarkan uraian latar belakang dan rumusan masalah pada Makalah “Hakikat Pendidikan Sekolah Dasar” di atas, maka tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah sebagai berikut:

Untuk mengetahui pengertian Pendidikan.

Untuk mengetahui tujuan dari Pendidikan.

Untuk mengetahui fungsi dari Pendidikan.

Untuk mengetahui karakteristik  Pendidikan. 

Untuk mengetahui prinsip-prinsip  Pendidikan.

Untuk mengetahui konsep Pendidikan ?

Untuk mengetahui  Peranan Guru, Orang Tua, dan Masyarakat dalam Pendidikan SD.

Untuk melengkapi tugas yang diberikan dosen Mata Kuliah Kapita Selekta Pendidikan.

BAB II

PEMBAHASAN

Pengertian Pendidikan

Pendidikan memiliki kekuatan (pengaruh) yang dinamis dalam kehidupan manusia dimasa depan. Pendidikan dapat mengembangkan berbagai potensi yang dimilikinya secara optimal, yaitu pengembangan potensi individu dalam aspek fisik, intelektual, emosional, social, dan spiritual sesuai dengan tahap perkembangan serta karateristik lingkungan fisik dan lingkungan social budaya dimana dia hidup.

Dalam dictionary of education bahwa pendidikan adalah:

Proses, dimana seseorang mengembangkan kemampuan, sikap, dan bentuk-bentuk tingkah laku lainnya di dalam masyarakat dimana dia hidup

Proses sosial, dimana seseorang dihadapkan pada pengaruh lingkungan yang terpilih dan terkontrol (khususnya yang dating dari sekolah) sehingga dia dapat memperoleh atau mengalami perkembangan kemampuan sosial dan kemampuan individu yang optimum.

Pengertian tersebut mirip dengan pendapat G. Thompson (1957) yang menyatakan bahwa pendidikan adalah pengaruh lingkungan atas individu untuk menghasilkan perubahan-perubahan yang tetap didalam kebiasaan, pemikiran, sikap-sikap dan tingkah laku.

Di dalam Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 2 Tahun 1989 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional atau yang lebih dikenal dengan sebutan UUSPN pasal 1 ayat 1 dinyatakan bahwa “Pendidikan adalah usaha sadar untuk menyiapkan peserta didik melalui kegiatan bimbingan, pengajaran, dan/atau latihan bagi peranannya di masa yang akan datang”.

Tilaar (1999:28) merumuskan hakikat pendidikan sebagai suatu proses menumbuhkembanglkan eksistensi peserta didik yang memasyarakat, membudaya, dalam tata kehidupan yang berdimensi lokal, nasional, dan global.

Rumusan hakikat pendidikan tersebut memiliki komponen-komponen sebagai berikut:

Pendidikan merupakan proses berkesinambungan. Proses pendidikan mengimplikasikan bahwa peserta didik memiliki kemampuan-kemampuan yang immanent (tetap ada) sebagai makhluk sosial, dan juga mengimplikasikan bahwa manusia adalah makhluk yang tidak pernah selesai

Proses pendidikan berarti menumbuhkembangkan eksistensi manusia. Artinya bahwa keberadaan manusia adalah suatu keberadaan interaktif

Eksistensi manusia yang memasyarakat. Proses pendidikan adalah proses mewujudkan eksistensi manusia yang memasyarakat

Proses bermasyarakat dan membudaya mempunyai dimensi waktu dan ruang. Proses tersebut dapat menembus dimensi masa lalu, kini dan masa depan. Selain itu berkat kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi komunikasi, proses pendidikan juga dapat menembus dimensi lokal, nasional, regional dan global.  

Dalam proses pendidikan terjadi proses perkembangan. Pendidikan adalah proses membantu peserta didik agar berkembang secara optimal, yaitu berkembang setinggi mungkin sesuai dengan potensi dan sistem nilai yang dianutnya dalam masyarakat. Pendidikan bukanlah proses memaksakan kehendak guru kepada peserta didik, melainkan upaya menciptakan kondisi yang kondusif bagi perkembangan anak yaitu kondisi yang memberi kemudahan kepada anak untuk mengembangkan dirinya secara optimal. Ini berarti bahwa didalam proses pendidikan anak aktif mengembangkan diri dan guru aktif membantu menciptakan kemudahan untuk perkembangan yang optimal itu.

Atas dasar pemahaman tentang beberapa definisi pendidikan maka dapat mendefinisikan Pendidikan Sekolah Dasar bukan hanya memberi bekal kemampuan intelektual dasar dalam membaca, menulis dan berhitung saja melainkan juga sebagai proses mengembangkan kemampuan dasar peserta didik secara optimal dalam aspek intelektual, social, dan personal untuk dapat melanjutkan pendidikan di SLTP atau sederajat.

Pendidikan dasar merupakan pendidikan yang lamanya 9 tahun yang diselenggarakan selama 6 tahun di sekolah dasar dan 3 tahun di sekolah lanjutan tingkat pertama atau satuan pendidikan yang sederajat

Beberapa ciri umum dalam pendidikan, yaitu:

Pendidikan harus memiliki tujuan, yang pada hakikatnya adalah pengembangan potensi individu yang bermanfaat bagi kehidupan pribadinya maupun bagi warga Negara atau warga masyarakat lainnya

Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, pendidikan perlu melakukan upaya yang disengaja dan terencana yang meliputi upaya bimbingan, pengajaran dan pelatihan.

Kegiatan tersebut harus diwujudkan didalam lingkungan keluarga, sekolah dan masyarakat yang lazim disebut dengan pendidikan formal, informal dan nonformal

Tujuan Pendidikan

Tujuan pendidikan SD sebagaimana halnya dengan tujuan satuan lembaga pendidikan lainnya harus selalu mengacu pada tujuan pendidikan nasional dan tujuan pendidikan dasar serta memperhatikan tahap dan karakteristik perkembangan siswa, kesesuaiannya dengan lingkungan dan kebutuhan pembangunan daerah, arah pembangunan nasional, serta memperhatikan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi serta kehidupan umat manusia secara global.

Tujuan pendidikan nasional, sebagaimana yang ditetapkan dalan GBHN adalah mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa dan mengembangkan manusia Indonesia seutuhnya, yaitu manusia yang beriman dan bertakwa terhadap Tuhan Yang Maha Esa dan berbudi pekerti luhur, memiliki pengetahuan dan nalar, keterampilan, kesehatan jasmani dan rohani, kepribadian yang mantap dan mandiri, serta tanggung jawab kemasyarakatan dan kebangsaan.

Dengan mengacu pada tujuan nasional, sebagaimana yang ditetapkan di dalam Kurikulum Pendidikan Dasar (1993), tujuan pendidikan dasar adalah memberikan bekal kemampuan dasar  kepada siswa untuk mengembangkan kehidupannya sebagai pribadi, anggota masyarakat, warga Negara dan anggota umat manusia serta mempersiapkan siswa untuk mengikuti anggota.

Tujuan pendidikan SD mencakup pembentukan dasar kepribadian siswa sebagai manusia Indonesia seutuhnya sesuai dengan tingkat perkembangan dirinya, pembinaan pemahaman dasar dan seluk beluk ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi sebagai landasan untuk belajar pada jenjang pendidikan yang lebih tinggi dan hidup dalam masyarakat. Tujuan pendidikan di SD yaitu:

Memberikan kemampuan membaca, menulis dan berhitung

Memberikan pengetahuan dan keterampilan dasar yang bermanfaat bagi siswa sesuai dengan tingkat perkembangannya

Mempersiapkan siswa untuk mengikuti pendidikan di SLTP

Fungsi Pendidikan

Fungsi yang sangat mendasar dan menonjol dari pendidikan SD adalah fungsi edukatif daripada fungsi pengajaran, dimana upaya bimbingan dan pembelajaran diorientasikan pada pembentukan landasan kepribadian yang kuat.

Fungsi pendidikan menurut Umar Tirtarahardja dan La Sula yaitu:

Proses transformasi budaya

Proses pembentukan pribadi

Proses penyiapan warga negara

Proses penyiapan tenaga kerja 

Fungsi pendidikan SD harus mengacu pada fungsi pendidikan nasional yang intinya mengembangkan kemampuan dan meningkatkan mutu kehidupan, harkat dan martabat manusia dan masyarakat Indonesia dalam upaya mewujudkan tujuan pendidikan nasional.

Karakteristik Pendidikan SD

Siswa

Siswa SD adalah anak-anak yang berumur antara 6 – 12 tahun. Siswa SD, terutama yang dikelas-kelas awal, masih memandang dunia ini sebagai sesuatu  keseluruhan yang terpadu (pandangan holistik), contohnya korek api. Mereka hanya tahu itu korek api tanpa tahu bagian-bagian atau struktur yang menyusun korek api tersebut. Selain itu, variasi kemampuan siswa SD jauh lebih besar dari variasi siswa SLTP atau SLTA. Karena di SD menerima siswa tanpa melihat kemampuan dan latar belakang, tidak seperti SLTP atau SLTA yang melalui tes atau NEM sehingga kemempuan siswa relatife sama.

Guru

Guru SD dianggap sebagai guru kelas karena setiap guru dituntut untuk mampu mengajarkan semua mata pelajaran di SD, kecuali agama dan penjaskes. Dia juga bertanggung jawab penuh akan kelas yang dipegangnya, mulai dari kehadiran siswa sampai pemberian rapor.

Kurikulum 

Secara umun kurikulum merupakan suatu program belajar bagi murid yang memiliki tujuan yang ingin dicapai pengalaman belajar yang diberikan dan strategi cara melaksanakan program tersebut. Fungsi kurikulum bagi siswa diharapkan agar mereka mendapat sejumlah pengetahuan dan kecakapan yang baru yang dapat dikembangkan dan melengkapi bekal hidup mereka setelah terjun kemasyarakat. 

Pembelajaran 

Dasar-dasar pendidikan di SD  tak dapat terpisahkan dari tujuan pendidikan SD dan karakteristik siswa SD agar mendapatkan karakteristik pembelajaran yang ideal. Karakteristik pembelajaran di SD yaitu kegiatan konkret, kegiatan manipulatif, dan pembelajaran terpadu. Pembelajaran terpadu berusaha menyajikan satu topik secara utuh dan bermakna bagi anak, dengan cara mengaitkan topik-topik dari berbagai mata pelajaran, dan data dalam satu mata pelajaran itu sendiri.  

Ketiga karakteristik pembelajaran tersebut merupakan pencerminan dan tingkat perkembangan anak. Sehingga guru akan selalu berusaha menyajikan pengalaman belajar yang melibatkan kegiatan konkret, manipulatif, dan terpadu. Pengalaman belajar yang demikian disebut Developmentally Appropriate Practices (DAP), yaitu pengalaman belajar atau latihan yang sesuai dengan perkembangan anak.

Gedung dan Peralatan Pembelajaran

Pada umumnya gedung SD terdiri dari 3-6 ruang kelas ,dan satu ruang guru. Berbeda halnya dengan dengan gedung dan peralatan  SD di daerah-daerah terpncil, tidak ada ruang khusus untuk perpustakaan atau administrasi bahkan ruang guru pun sering tidak tersedia. Namun jauh berbeda dengan gedung dan fasilitas di daerah perkotaan yang umumnya menpunyai ruang-ruang khusus dan peralatan pembelajaran yang jauh lebih lengkap.

Prinsip-pinsip Pendidikan di SD

Membahas tentang prinsip pendidikan berarti membahas tentang aturan hukum, sikap atau bagaimana seharusnya pendidikan. Prinsip-prinsip pendidikan yang dikemukakan di bawah ini diambil dari perspektif  pendidikan. Perspektif ini digunakan karena peserta didik atau siswa menjadi titik sentral dalam pendidikan. Perspektif di Negara kita masih kurang diperhatikan karena berbagai faktor, antara lain kebudayaan pendidikan kita memperlakukan anak.  

Sayidiman (2000), mengemukakan pendapatnya bahwa inti dari budaya pendidikan di Era Indonesia Baru adalah terwujudnya pendidikan guna menempatkan anak didik sebagai titik sentral. Sementara selama 32 tahun ini, yang menjadi titik sentral itu adalah pemerintah dengan segala peraturannya. Sekalipun seandainya yang menjadi titik sentral itu adalah guru sebagai pendidik langsung kepada siswa di sekolah, masih lumayan. Akan tetapi untuk masa depan hal ini pun masih kurang tepat, terlebih jika pemerintah yang menjadi titik sentral.

Sunaryo Kartadinata (1996), menjelaskan prinsip-prinsip perkembangan siswa SD dan kesepandanannya dengan prinsip-prinsip pendidikan SD. Prinsip-prinsip perkembangannya adalah berikut ini :

Perkembangan adalah proses yang tidak pernah berakhir, oleh karena itu pendidikan atau belajar merupakan proses sepanjang hayat.

Setiap anak bersifat individual dan berkembang dalam percepatan individual. Walaupun guru memahami dan memegang patokan atau target tertentu, namun guru harus tetap memperhatikan keragaman siswa secara individual dalamaspek fisik, psikis, dan sosial.

Semua aspek perkembangan saling berkaitan. Pendidikan jasmani harus menjadi wahana bagi perkembangan aspek lainnya, begitu pula proses pembelajaran bidang studi lainnya harus selalu dikaitkan dengan berbagai aspek perkembangan anak.

Perkembangan itu terarah dan dapat diramalkan. Perkembangan individu memiliki sekuinsi tertentu dan dapat menjadi arah perkembangan. Secara umum perkembangan manusia itu adalah sebagai berikut :

Bergerak dari kepala ke kaki atau dari pusat ke bagaian.

Bergerak dari struktur ke fungsi. 

Bergerak dari konkret ke abstrak.

Bergerak dari egosentris ke perspektif menuju pemahaman.

Bergerak dari heteronom ke otonom.

Bergerak dari absolutisme ke relativisme.

Bergerak spiral ke arah tujuan. 

Menurut pendapat Sunaryo Kartadinata (1996: 68-71), Aspek keterpaduan perkembangan dan belajar, prinsip-prinsip pendidikan adalah sebagai berikut ini. 

Guru sekolah dasar harus selalu peduli dan memahami anak sebagai keseluruhan.

Kurikulum dan proses pembelajaran di SD harus bersifat terpadu.

Prinsip yang relevan dan penting bagi pembelajaran ialah bahwa anak usia sekolah dasar harus dihadapkan kepada kegiatan aktif daripada kepada kegiatan pasif

Dari aspek perkembangan kognitif, prinsip-praktis bagi anak usia sekolah dasar adalah sebagai berikut :

Kurikulum atau proses pembelajaran harus menyajikan bahan ajaran yang sepadan dengan perkembangan anak yang memungkinkan mereka melakukan eksplorasi, berpikir, dan memperoleh kesempatan untuk berinteraksi dan berkomunikasi dengan anak lain dan orang dewasa. Ini berarti bahwa kurikulum harus bermakna bagi anak itu sendiri.

Prinsip praktis yang relevan dengan pembelajaran ialah bahwa anak usia sekolah dasar harus diberi kesempatan untuk bekerja dalam kelompok kecil, dan guru menciptakan kemudahan diskusi diantara anak dengan jalan memberikan komentar dan dukungan atas pendapat dan gagasan anak.

Dari aspek perkembangan sosial-emosional dan moral, prinsip praktis yang relevan adalah sebagai berikut ini.

Guru perlu mengetahui pentingnya pengembangan hubungan kelompok positif serta mengembangkan kesempatan dan dukungan bagi kerja sama kelompok yang tidak sekedar mengembangkan ranah kognitif, tetapi juga meningkatkan interaksi sebaya

Untuk mengembangkan perasaan mampu ini, anak usia sekolah dasar perlu memperoleh pengetahuan dan keterampilan yang diakui oleh budayanya sebagai sesuatu yang penting terutama kecakapan membaca, menulis, dan berhitung.

Guru dan orang tua perlu membantu anak menerima kata hatinya dan memperoleh kemampuan mengendalikan diri.

Konsep Pendidikan

Kecenderungan pemberian informasi yang lebih dari pada pengembangan kepribadian memberi kesan bahwa hanya bisa menampakkan kecerdasan intelektualnya saja (IQ). Pernyataan ini memberi uraian bahwa konsepsi ini menyebabkan peranan sekolah terpisah dari pengalaman hidup nyata sehari-hari di samping kurang adanya perhatian terhadap semua bentuk sumber belajar yang ada dalam masyarakat. Pemahaman tentang konsep ini begitu dominan, sehingga pembaharuan pendidikan selalu diartikan pembaharuan isi dari kurikulum yang sudah ditetapkan. Bahkan ada kecenderungan bekal hidup yang diberikan kepada peserta didik terlalu berat, sehingga bobot kegiatan belajar merupakan beban yang tak tertanggungkan bagi peserta didik maupun bagi guru, karena waktu yang disediakan terbatas.

Pengembangan konsep pendidikan selanjutnya mengarah kepada pengertian yang lebih lengkap. Batasan pendidikan lebih mengacu kepada pendapat para ahli yang mengartikan pendidikan sebagai usaha yang disengaja dan sadar untuk mengembangkan kepribadian anak untuk menjadi anggota masyarakat. pandangan tentang hakikat manusialah yang menjadi dasar untuk membina kepribadian anak manusia dan menyiapkan mereka menjadi anggota masyarakat.

Konsep pendidikan selanjutnya adalah konsep pendidikan yang menyatukan semua kegiatan pendidikan, baik yang terjadi dalam sekolah, maupun di luar sekolah (dalam keluarga dan masyarakat), secara terpadu yang berlangsung sepanjang hayat, yang oleh UNESCO disebut pendidikan seumur hidup terpadu life long integrated education.

Konsep pendidikan seperti terkemuka mengandung dua pengertian esensial yaitu pendidikan berlangsung sepanjang hayat manusia dan pendidikan merupakan kegiatan terpadu antara kegiatan pendidikan dalam sekolah dan di luar sekolah.

Pengertian pertama menegaskan bahwa pendidikan mengembangkan potensi-potensi dan sikap subjek didik secara maksimal tanpa mengenal batas usia. Konsep ini tidak sependapat dengan pendidikan yang hanya mempersiapkan anak untuk menjadi anggota masyarakat atau mempersiapkan kedewasaan saja. 

Pengertian yang kedua, pendidikan seharusnya dapat mengintegrasikan pendidikan yang bermacam-macam dalam masyarakat baik pendidikan sekolah, pendidikan dalam masyarakat dan pendidikan di tempat kerja. Pendidikan di luar sekolah kadang kala lebih intensif memberikan  pengetahuan dan keterampilan pada bidang tertentu namun faktanya sekolah adalah lembaga pendidikan yang membawa anak ke dalam posisi sosial. Keadaan seperti mi menimbulkan kehidupan sosial yang kurang sehat, karena kadang kala pengetahuan dan keterampilan yang diperoleh melalui bermacam-macam pendidikan di luar sekolah yang justru sangat penting untuk mengembangkan ekonomi atau kehidupan manusia kurang mendapat tempat.

Peranan Guru, Orang Tua, dan Masyarakat dalam Pendidikan SD

Peranan Guru dalam Pendidikan SD

Bagi siswa SD, terutama di kelas rendah, guru merupakan panutan. Siswa lebih percaya apa yang diajarkan gurunya daripada yang diajarkan orang tua mereka. Itu menunjukan tinggiya kepercayaan dan kepatuhan anak-anak SD kepada guru.

Dalam Peraturan Pemerintahan (PP) No. 38 tahun 1990 ada dua ketentuan tentang Tenaga Kependidikan dalam mengkaji peranan guru dalam pendidikan dasar, yaitu :

Tenaga kependidikan adalah anggota masyarakat yang mengabdikan diri secara langsung dalam penyelenggaraan pendidikan.

Tenaga pendidikan adalah tenaga kependidikan yang bertugas membimbing, mengajar, dan melatih peserta didik.

Guru tergolong ke dalam tenaga pendidik yang berperan membimbing, mengajar, dan melatih. Sebagai tenaga pendidik, seorang guru SD juga harus mampu berperan sebagai pembimbing , pengajar, dan pelatih. Peran sebagai pembimbing merupakan peran yan g sangat menentukan sehingga diharapkan guru mampu manjadi panutan yang patut digugu dan ditiru. 

Peran guru sebagai pengajar , tidak hanya dituntut sebagi pengajar tetapi sebagai pengajar yang mengajar. Dalam menjalankan perannya, guru SD diangkat sebagai guru kelas harus mampu mengajar semua mata pelajaran di SD kecuali penjaskes dan agama. Selain mampu berperan sebagai pengajar guru SD juga dituntut menguasai berbagai strategi mengajar, cara merencanakan dan melaksanakan pembelajaran.

Sedangkan peran guru sebagai pelatih, tampaknya tidak terlalu banyak dituntut bagi guru SD. Karena peran guru sebagai pelatih lebih banyak dilakukan oleh para pendidik kepada peserta didik dewasa. Sedangkan guru SD lebih diutamakan berperan sebagai pengajar yang mendidik, karena siswa SD lebih memerlukan bimbingan dan pengajaran. 

Peranan Orang Tua dalam Pendidikan SD

Seperti ketentuan dalam GBHN yang menyatakan bahwa pendidikan menjadi tanggung jawab utama antara keluarga, sekolah dan masyarakat. Peran utama orang tua adalah tentunya memasukan anaknya yang berusia 6 tahun ke SD, yang sebagian besar orang tua sudah melakukannya dengan baik tapi ada juga orang tua yang tidak memasukan anaknya yang sudah cukup umur ke SD dengan berbagai macam alasan. 

Selain itu orang tua juga berperan membantu penyelenggaraan pendidikan, dengan cara bergabung dalam Badan Pembantu Penyelenggaraan Pendidikan (BP3) yang dibentuk oleh sekolah yang beranggotakan para orang tua siswa. Peran orang tua dalam PB3 adalah membantu kelancaran pendidikan, dan memikirkan berbagai upaya untuk meningkatkan mutu pendidikan, tetapi banyak orang tua yang menganggap peran orang tua dalam PB3 adalah dengan memberi sumbangan berupa dana pendidikan.

Peranan Masyarakat dalam Pendidikan SD

Peran serta masyarakat dalam pendidikan suatu dalam BAB XIII Pasal 47 Undang-Undang No. 20 tahun 1989 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional, yang berbunyi:

Masyarakat sebagai mitra Pemerintahan berkesempatan yang seluas-luasnya untuk berperan dalam  penyelenggaraan pendidikan nasonal.

 Ciri khas satuan pendidikan yang diselenggarakan oleh masyarakat tetap diindahkan.

Syarat-syarat dan tata cara dalam penyelenggaraan ditetapkan dengan peraturan pemerintahan.

Dari butir-butir diatas dapat diketahuai bahwa peran masyarakat sebagai mitra pemerintahan, yaitu pihak yang bekerja bersama-sama dalam rangka menyelenggarakan pendidikan. Tata cara penyelenggaraan pendidikan tercantum dalam PP No. 28/1990. BAB IV PAsal 5, ayat 1 menyebabkan bahwa “Pendirian satuan pendidikan Dasar oleh pemerintahan atau masyarakat harus memenuhi persyaratan tersedianya :

Sekuang-kurangnya sepuluh siswa;

Tenaga kependidikan terdiri atas sekurag-kurangnya seorang guru untuk setiap kelas bagi Sekolah Dasar;

Kurikulum berdasarkan kurikulum nasional yang berlaku;

Sumber dana tetap yang menjamin kelangsungan penyelenggaraan pendidikan dan tidak ada merugikan siswa;

Tempat belajar; serta

Buku pelajaran dan peralatan pendidikan siswa yang diperlukan.

Dalam menjalankan perannya sebagai mitra pemerintah masyarakat dapat membentuk Yayasan , Badan atau Lembaga yang khusus menanggani satuan pendidikan. Di dalam PP No. 28 tahun 1990 juga ditetapkan bahwa satuan pendidikan dasar yang didirikan oleh masyarakat diselenggarakan oleh yayasan atau badan yang bersifat sosial, yang berarti bahwa yayasan tidak boleh berorientasi pada kepentingan untuk mencari keuntungan. Karena yayasan haruslah berdasarkan serta membantu mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa dalam rangka mencapai tujuan pendidiakn nasional.

Selain sebagai penyelenggara pendidikan, yayasan juga dapat berperan sebagai donatur bagi berlangsungnya satuan pendidikan tertentu. Dalam hal ini, satuan pendidikan tertentu dapat berkerja sama dengan masyarakat di dunia bisnis dan para dermawan, untuk memperoleh sumber dana dalam rangka perluasan kesempatan belajar dan peningkatan mutu pendidikan.

Masyarakat juga berperan untuk mengklasifikasikan anak usia SD yang belum disekolahkan. Disinilah peran masyarakat yang sangat penting, karena masih ada anak-anak usia SD yang belum sekalah. 

BAB III

PENUTUP

Kesimpulan

Hakikat pendidikan adalah upaya sadar untuk mengembangkan potensi yang dianugerahkan Tuhan kepada manusia dan diarahkan pada tujuan yang diharapkan agar memanusiakan manusia atau menjadikannya sebagai manusia, manusia utuh.  Hakikat pendidikan ini dapat terwujud melalui proses pengajaran, pembelajaran,pembersihan dan pembiasaan,dan kompetensi dengan memperhatikan kompetensi paedagogi berupa profesi, kepribadian dan sosial. Pendidikan menumbuhkan budi pekerti, kekuatan batin, karakter, pikiran dan tubuh peserta didik yang dilakukan secara integral tanpa dipisah-pisahkan.

Saran

Makalah ini tentunya disana-sini masih terdapat kelemahan ataupun kekurangan maka penulis mengharapkan kritik dan saran yang konstruktif dari pihak manapun demi kesempurnaan makalah ini, 

Dan semoga Materi yang tercantum di makalah ini dapat menambah wawasan pengetahuan kita tentang pendekatan dan model pembelajaran di SD dan dapat bermanfaat bagi kita semua khususnya angkatan 2015 PGSD kelas A1.